TY - JOUR TI - Coordinate regulation of energy transduction modules in Halobacterium sp. analyzed by a global systems approach. AU - Baliga, Nitin S. AU - Pan, Min AU - Goo, Young Ah AU - Yi, Eugene C. AU - Goodlett, David R. AU - Dimitrov, Krassen AU - Shannon, Paul AU - Aebersold, Ruedi AU - Ng, Wailap Victor AU - Hood, Leroy T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AB - The extremely halophilic archaeon Halobacterium NRC-1 can switch from aerobic energy production (energy from organic compounds) to anaerobic phototrophy (energy from light) by induction of purple membrane biogenesis. The purple membrane is made up of multiple copies of a 1:1 complex of bacterioopsin (Bop) and retinal called bacteriorhodopsin that functions as a light-driven proton pump. A light- and redox-sensing transcription regulator, Bat, regulates critical genes encoding the biogenesis of the purple membrane. To better understand the regulatory network underlying this physiological state, we report a systems approach using global mRNA and protein analyses of four strains of Halobacterium sp.: the wild-type, NRC-1; and three genetically perturbed strains: S9 (bat+), a purple membrane overproducer, and two purple membrane deficient strains, SD23 (a bop knockout) and SD20 (a bat knockout). The integrated DNA microarray and proteomic data reveal the coordinated coregulation of several interconnected biochemical pathways for phototrophy: isoprenoid synthesis, carotenoid synthesis, and bacteriorhodopsin assembly. In phototrophy, the second major biomodule for ATP production, arginine fermentation, is repressed. The primary systems level insight provided by this study is that two major energy production pathways in Halobacterium sp., phototrophy and arginine fermentation, are inversely regulated, presumably to achieve a balance in ATP production under anaerobic conditions. DA - 2002/11/12/ PY - 2002 DO - 10.1073/pnas.192558999 VL - 99 IS - 23 SP - 14913 EP - 14918 J2 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A LA - eng SN - 0027-8424 0027-8424 KW - *Transduction, Genetic KW - Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism KW - Archaeal Proteins/genetics KW - Bacteriorhodopsins/genetics KW - Binding Sites KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial KW - Halobacterium/*genetics/metabolism KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Proteome KW - RNA, Messenger/genetics KW - Species Specificity KW - Transcription Factors/metabolism ER -