TY - JOUR TI - Diurnally entrained anticipatory behavior in archaea. AU - Whitehead, Kenia AU - Pan, Min AU - Masumura, Ken-ichi AU - Bonneau, Richard AU - Baliga, Nitin S. T2 - PloS one AB - By sensing changes in one or few environmental factors biological systems can anticipate future changes in multiple factors over a wide range of time scales (daily to seasonal). This anticipatory behavior is important to the fitness of diverse species, and in context of the diurnal cycle it is overall typical of eukaryotes and some photoautotrophic bacteria but is yet to be observed in archaea. Here, we report the first observation of light-dark (LD)-entrained diurnal oscillatory transcription in up to 12% of all genes of a halophilic archaeon Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1. Significantly, the diurnally entrained transcription was observed under constant darkness after removal of the LD stimulus (free-running rhythms). The memory of diurnal entrainment was also associated with the synchronization of oxic and anoxic physiologies to the LD cycle. Our results suggest that under nutrient limited conditions halophilic archaea take advantage of the causal influence of sunlight (via temperature) on O(2) diffusivity in a closed hypersaline environment to streamline their physiology and operate oxically during nighttime and anoxically during daytime. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0005485 VL - 4 IS - 5 SP - e5485 J2 - PLoS One LA - eng SN - 1932-6203 1932-6203 KW - *Circadian Rhythm/drug effects/genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal/drug effects KW - Genes, Archaeal KW - Halobacterium salinarum/drug effects/genetics/growth & development/*physiology KW - Oxygen/pharmacology ER -